Nathan+and+Dongju-+Nyingma+Buddhism

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Nathan
- Nyingma buddhism is the oldest school of tibetan buddhism. It was started by Guru Padmasambhav who came to Tibet in 817 C.E. at the invitation of King Trisong Duetsan in order to subdue the evil forces that were obstructing the spread of Buddhism. - Bodhisattva Abbot Shantarakshita and Guru Rinpochey built the Samyey monastery, which became a principal center of learning and the site where many of the texts that would make up Tibet's vast Buddhist literature were first translated into Tibetan. - The 14th the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso, is spiritual leader and symbol of the Nyingma Buddhism. He was born Lhamo Dhondrub on 6 July 1935, in a small village called Taktser in northeastern Tibet. Born to a peasant family, His Holiness was recognized at the age of two, in accordance with Tibetan tradition, as the reincarnation of his predecessor the 13th Dalai Lama, and thus a reincarnation of the Buddha of Compassion. - Yama is a wrathful looking head that has many names such as Lord of Death and Lord of Illusion. Yama is the emanation of Deity of Wisdom Manjushri. It represents the impermanent nature of all phenomena. - Avalokitesvara (Chenrezig in Tibetan), also known as the buddha of compassion, is the patron deity of Tibet. The Dalai Lama is considered his embodiment. Often shown with 1000 arms that represent his capacity to relieve suffering. - Guru Rinpoche is the main founder of Buddhism in Tibet. He is a key figure in Tibetan history. - A model of Buddhist cosmology based on the Abhidharma literature. Yama, the central figure, holds the circular wheel of existence in his jaws. Scenes within the circle depict the six realms of existence. - Images of two figures in sexual union are common in Tibetan Buddhist art. These yab-yum or father-mother works depict the inseparability of wisdom and compassion. - Wrathful female protector of the Dalai Lama and his monastic college. This work was selected in order to better understand how non-experts perceive wrathful imagery (e.g., skulls, weapons - Guru Rinpochey also gave widespread teachings from the highest classes of tantra and in particular to his twenty-five principal disciples. These first Tibetan adepts are renowned for their spiritual accomplishments. - Guru Rinpochey thought that his disciples were immature and the time was not appropriate for many of the other teachings he had to reveal.He and many of his successors hid hundreds of Treasures in the forms of scriptures, images and ritual articles, with instructions for their revelation for the benefit of future generations. Subsequently, more than one hundred masters have revealed these Treasures and taught them to their disciples. So, besides the tantric teachings, it is these lineages of revealed teachings combined with the Great Completion or Dzogchen doctrine that are taught. - The Nyingma tradition divides the entire Buddhist teachings into Nine Vehicles: the Three Common Vehicles comprising the Hearer, Solitary Realizer, and Bodhisattva vehicles dealing with those categories of teachings included in the sutras taught by Buddha Shakyamuni; the Three Outer Tantras consisting of (1)Kriya Tantra which places greater emphasis on practising proper external behaviour, physical and verbal conduct aimed at purification and simple visualisation practice; (2)Upa Tantra which lays more emphasis on developing both external and internal faculties with the goal of achieving a deeper affinity with the meditational deity; and (3)Yoga Tantra, which I mainly aimed at developing the strength of inner psychophysical vitality as taught by Vajrasattva. - Finally, the Three Innermost Tantras comprising (1)Mahayoga, primarily emphasising the Generation Stage practice in which the ordinary level of perception and attachment are eliminated through sacred vision and divine pride; the (2)Annuyoga, emphasising Completion Stage practice in which the vajra body is used as a serviceable means to actualise primordial awareness and the (3)Atiyoga, in which all emphasis is directed towards full activation of the generation and completion stage practices, enabling the yogi to transcend all ordinary time, activity and experience, as taught by Samantabhadra Buddha
 * a. Location and time period Buddhism spread to that area, the founder of the sect**
 * b. symbols, iconography, figures, deities (for example the Varochion Buddha)**
 * c. attainment of Enlightenment**

Founder of the Sect, Location, Time period and attainment of Enlightenment from 1. Http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/nyingma.html The Government of Tibet in Exile: The Nyingma Tradition, This site is maintained and updated by The Office of Tibet, the official agency of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in London, Last updated: 10-Nov-97. Used Oct 1st, 08 from Korea International School. 2. http://blog.naver.com/taucross?Redirect=Log&logNo=100009890619 지켜보기: 티벳불교종파 – 닝마파, updated 2005/ 02/ 02 00:54 Used Oct 1st, 08 from Korea International School. 3. Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) => http://www.tibet.com/DL/biography.html The Dalai Lama’s Biography, this site is maintained and updated by The Office of Tibet, the official agency of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in London. Last updated: 9-Sept-97. Used 0ct 1st, 08 from Korea International School
 * Works cited**

Dongju
- reciting Guru Rinpochey's prayers - observing the 10th and 25th of every lunar month as a day for feast offerings - retiring into retreat for three years and three months individually or in company - In Nyingma Buddhism, Karma refers to samsaric karma. Samsaric karma states that the consequences of our actions are what cause our rebirth into the world. Actions made with good intentions will go towards liberating you from the cycle of rebirth, and allow you to be reborn into a better life than before. However, actions taken with negative intent will hinder your journey towards enlightenment. There are individuals such as the Dalai Lama, who make the conscious choice to be reborn even after attain enlightenment, but this is made independent of Karma so it is not considered 'samsaric rebirth' as it is no longer uncontrolled.
 * d. traditions unique to that sect**
 * e. karma**

The Nyingma Tradition 
 * Works cited**